Nutrition Articles

At the population level are acquired data about the fact that reduction in the consumption of salt can inhibit the growth AD with the age, and also prevent the development of hypertonia in the persons with the boundary pressure [by Hofman et al]. Epidemiological given, obtained in Japan [Perry of the I. J.], they clearly showed that reduction in the consumption of salt in the population can lead to the decrease of prevalence AG, and also to reduction in the frequency of the new cases of strokes. Singer D. R. J. et al c[ravnivali] reduction in the consumption of salt with the diuretic therapy. At the same time low-salt diet does not have the side-line actions, characteristic of diuretics.

Our experience of the carrying-out of the long-standing program of primary preventive maintenance AG (a. N. [Britov] and O. V. Molchanovo) on one of the organized populations it shows that it is possible to attain the decrease of the consumption of common salt both by the special instruction of patients themselves and by the sharp decrease of the application of salt during the preparation of food in the dining rooms. When this limitation was difficult for the concrete persons, by them it was proposed to use the special types of salt, in which the part of chloride sodium was substituted to potassium and magnesium chlorides. For the persons with the increased risk AG or the soft form AG was proposed preventive salt with a reduction of the content of sodium to 65%, and with the expressed hypertonia - therapeutic salt with 35% of content of sodium.

Role of food potassium. The problem of consumption with the food of sodium and potassium, and also metabolic processes in the organism with their participation are tightly interconnected. Some data show that the relatively high consumption of potassium ions, which are contained in the fruits and the vegetables, possesses the independent protective action with respect to of hypertonia and other cardiovascular illnesses [Of khaw K- T., Barrett-Connor E., 1987].

Us should be focused attention on the fact that our urban population consumes too few vegetables and fruits, especially in the winter and early spring months of year. Within the framework the program Of intersalt it appeared, that the consumption of potassium on the average was equal to 48 millimole during the day, approximately half physiological standard.

In the problem of the pathogenesis of hypertonia, and also with the nonmedicamental approaches to its therapy and the preventive maintenance is important the role of the monovalent ions of potassium and sodium - they are interconnected. It goes without saying, sodium diet will lead to the desired anti-hypertensive effect considerably more rapidly, if it will be reinforced by the diet, rich in potassium, i.e., by fresh vegetables and by fruits. Cappuccio F. P. and MacGregor G. A. [1991] conducted [metanaliz] of the published studies on the application of diet with the addition of potassium and showed that this approach leads to a decrease AD and partly to an increase in natriuresis. Enriching diet by vegetables and fruits to such an extent so that the consumption of potassium would be from 80 to 100 millimole during the day, it is possible to achieve the clinically significant effect, at least in the persons with the soft hypertonia.

Calcium. Interrelations of calcium and levels AD complex. As a whole it is known that the level of total calcium in the blood serum is slightly increased in hyper-tonicOV, although the level of ionized calcium is reduced [Sangal & Of beevers, 1982; Buckley et al, 1987]. Some observations showed that the hyper-tonics, as rule, consume less calcium. This gave the basis to use with the hypertonia different calcium additives (Harlan et al, 1984). The results of these studies proved to be contradictory. The world data allowed Cappuccio et Al (1989) to make the conclusion that these methods for the preventive maintenance and the treatment AG are ineffective. Are apparently, necessary further multicenter well controlled studies for the permission of contradictions. However, by patients, it appears, it is possible to recommend a sufficient consumption of the degreased dairy products.

Animal fats. The reasonable means of life, recommended by all clinicians, is included: the limitation of the consumption of salt, reduction in the consumption of alcohol, the normalization of the weight of body with obesity, failure of the smoking, the decrease of the consumption of the saturated fats. This it is possible to reach by the reduction of the consumption of the animal fat in the form of butter, sour cream, fatty types of the cheese and other dairy natural products.